Colposcopy

What is the purpose of this test?

Typically, this test is performed because of abnormal Pap test or human papillomavirus (HPV) test results. It may also be done if condylomata are present. Colposcopy is then indicated to clarify the diagnosis.

Preparation

• The test should not be done when you are menstruating. It is therefore important to schedule your appointment with this in mind.
• It may be advisable not to use vaginal treatment (e.g. douche, medication, spermicide) in the 24 hours preceding the examination. Consult your healthcare professional before discontinuing any treatment.
• Sexual relations should also be avoided in the 24 hours preceding the examination.
• Pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be taken 30 to 60 minutes before the examination.
• It is recommended that you urinate before the test.
• It may be useful to bring a sanitary towel, as the examination may cause light vaginal bleeding.

Procedure

The procedure lasts approximately 10 to 20 minutes. The steps are as follows:

• The person lies on their back and places their feet in stirrups.
• A speculum (plastic or metal instrument) is inserted into the vagina to keep it open and to facilitate observation of the vagina and cervix.
• The colposcope is used to better observe the vulva, vagina and cervix. It is not inserted into the vagina.
• A vinegar or iodine solution can be applied to the cervix to facilitate tissue observation. This staining helps to highlight possible lesions.
• Small fragments of tissue (biopsies) may also be taken from the vulva, vagina or cervix. Cervical biopsies often feel like a short, unpleasant pinch, and can cause cramping in the lower abdomen.
• Other samples can be taken from inside the cervix.
• Samples are placed in a specially designed container and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

After the examination

After the procedure, some patients experience cramps that closely resemble menstrual cramps. If a biopsy is taken, there may be spotting. In such cases, the use of a sanitary napkin is recommended. Vaginal douching, tampons and sexual relations should be avoided for one week following a biopsy.

Meaning of test results

Results can be explained to you during the examination, but it may take a few days for the sample results to be ready. The most common diagnoses include condyloma, polyps, local inflammation, infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) or a pre-cancerous or cancerous state of the observed area.

The colposcopy may also simply confirm that everything with the vulva, vagina and cervix is normal.

What you should know before going for this test

When you go in for a blood test or any other medical exam, it's always a good idea to bring a complete list of any prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, or natural health products you're taking. Unless otherwise advised, it's best to take your medications as usual on blood test days. If in doubt, don't hesitate to talk to your healthcare professional.